Oop in python

Python supports object-oriented programming with classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. The __init__ method initializes instances, self references the instance, and special methods (__str__, __repr__) customize behavior.

Example

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name: str):
        self.name = name
    
    def speak(self) -> str:
        raise NotImplementedError

class Dog(Animal):
    def speak(self) -> str:
        return f"{self.name} says Woof!"

Inheritance lets Dog extend Animal while implementing its own speak method.

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